As in "not Windows or applications" you mean there I assume?
Yes. Windows (in the absence of flaky drivers or hardware) doesn't do this. Applications should not (cannot, except in rare cases) cause this problem.
What can cause it is: bad drivers, bad RAM, bad graphics hardware, or bad power.
As an example of this last: My current PC would run fine until I fired up Portal 2, at which point it would sometimes crash. Further diagnosis revealed that I had too much hardware in the box (4xHDDs, 1xDVD, 1xBD), and the PSU couldn't maintain stable power when the graphics card really got going. Removing 2 of the HDDs and the CD-RW drive fixed it.
As an example of the bad RAM: my eee PC would exhibit graphics corruption and occasional crashes (when resuming from standby). I'd upgraded the RAM. When I put back the stock RAM, the problems went away.
The fact that you had a similar problem with a different machine is probably a coincidence.